Other Pathways to Recovery
Co-Dependents Anonymous (CoDA)
Recovery isn't only about substances. A lot of us find that our relationships need healing
too. Some people in our community use CoDA for that, either on its own or alongside other
support, and we want you to know it's an option.
What is CoDA?
Co-Dependents Anonymous is a 12 Step fellowship for people who want to build healthy,
functional relationships, with others and with themselves. Its first meeting was held in
Phoenix, Arizona, in October 1986, with about 30 people. By the end of that year there were
already 120 groups.
CoDA has meetings around the world, including online and phone meetings, and it's fully
self supporting.
The ideas behind CoDA
The idea of codependency grew out of the addiction recovery world, especially families of
people struggling with alcohol, but some of its roots go back much further. Here are some of
the people and ideas that shaped it, plus one we think fits right alongside them.
Karen Horney
Psychoanalysis · 1940s and 1950s
Horney was a psychoanalyst who wrote about what she called "morbid dependency," where a
person loses themselves in another person. She never used the word codependency, but
later writers have connected her ideas to it.
About Karen Horney →
Al-Anon and the "co-alcoholic"
Late 1970s
The word codependency likely came out of addiction treatment in Minnesota in the late
1970s, from the older term "co-alcoholic." It described people whose lives were turned
upside down by a relationship with someone struggling with addiction. Al-Anon, the 12 Step
group for families and friends of alcoholics, shaped a lot of early thinking about it.
The history of codependency →
Melody Beattie
Codependent No More · 1986
Beattie's bestselling book is what made codependency a household word, and it came out
the same year CoDA started. She drew on her own recovery, her experience caring for someone
with an addiction, and interviews with Al-Anon members.
About Melody Beattie →
Charles Whitfield
The CoDA checklist · 1991
Whitfield, a physician, created a checklist in 1991 based on CoDA's early pamphlet
"What is Co-Dependency?" That checklist grew into the "Patterns and Characteristics of
Codependence" that many CoDA members use today.
More on CoDA's history →
Is it a diagnosis?
Timmen Cermak and the debate
In 1986, psychiatrist Timmen Cermak argued that codependency should be an official
diagnosis. That never happened; it isn't in the DSM or ICD. Many people still find it a
useful way to understand patterns in their relationships, which is how CoDA uses it.
Read more →
These links go to outside sites. They're here for learning, not as endorsements.
CoDA and Recovery Underground
We don't host CoDA meetings right now. Some of our members are involved with CoDA and are
happy to talk about it. If you have questions or just want to talk
with someone who uses it, contact a moderator or meeting chair.
They're members sharing their own experience and don't speak for CoDA. For official meetings
and literature, go straight to CoDA.
Find a CoDA Meeting
Visit CoDA
Our community is open to you
Whatever path you're on, our Discord chat is open 24/7 so there's always someone to talk to.
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Disclaimer: Recovery Underground is an independent, peer led online recovery
community and is not affiliated with or endorsed by Co-Dependents Anonymous (CoDA). No CoDA
meetings are currently hosted in our space. CoDA is separate from Narcotics Anonymous and from
the New Way to Live NA Group. We provide nonclinical peer support and are not a treatment provider.
In an emergency, contact local emergency services. In the US, call or text 988.